<p>18:9 <i>And the kings of the earth, who committed fornication and lived wantonly with her, shall weep and wail over her, when they look upon the smoke of her burning</i>- Alluding to Abraham watching the smoke of Sodom's burning (see on :5 and :7). These kings of the land are those who also played a part in her judgment, who hated the whore (see on 17:16). But their hearts are still with her, lamenting with the grief of those who wistfully keep thinking of what could have been. But as noted on :10, the reference may not be to the actual &quot;kings&quot;, the horns of the beast; but to the commercial leaders of the surrounding world who are associated with the princes of the earth (:23).</p><p>Is. 34 describes the judgments of &quot;all nations&quot; around Israel, notably &quot;upon Idumea&quot;, in language which is clearly alluded to in the later prophecies of Babylon's doom in Revelation (Is. 34:9,10 = Rev. 14:11; 17:16; 18:9; v.11=Is. 14:23). Indeed, all God's prophecies against Israel's enemies have marked points of contact with each other. Thus the prophecies against Tyre in Is. 23 are shot through with links with those against Babylon in Revelation; and &quot;as at the report (prophecy) concerning Egypt, so shall they be sorely pained at the report of Tyre&quot;(Is. 23:5). Is. 14:3 says that Babylon treated Israel like the Egyptians did; they too gave them &quot;sorrow... fear, and... hard bondage wherein (Israel) wast made to serve&rdquo;. Because of these similarities in how they treated and will treat God's people, their judgments will be similar. Yet a number of these nations, notably Egypt and Tyre, are described as being judged and destroyed by Babylon (e.g. Ez. 26:7). However, there is good reason to think that Babylon's own judgment will be at the hands of nations like these, who come under her umbrella during their invasion of Israel. The resolution of this apparent contradiction lies in the prophecies concerning the Islamist powers destroying each other in the final conflict, thus fulfilling all these prophecies concerning their judging of each other.</p>