<p>9:5 <em>Whose are the fathers and of whom is Christ, as concerning the flesh, who is over all. God be praised forever Amen</em>- The praise of Christ as being so exceedingly &quot;over all&quot; was a swipe at the Jewish tendency to consider Messiah as inferior to the fathers such as Abraham and David. The Lord tackled the same mistaken view by reminding the Jews that David referred to Messiah as his &quot;Lord&quot; (Mk. 12:37); the &quot;Son of David&quot; was in fact David's Lord and master. &quot;Of whom is Christ&quot; is a clear statement that the Lord Jesus came 'out of' the Jewish fathers as the promised seed of men like Abraham and David. In no way can the idea of a personal pre-existence of Christ be supported Biblically, the evidence is all against it.</p>