<p>1:22 <i>On those who are in doubt have mercy</i>- As noted on :21, these commands are collective, and they were the more necessary because the shepherds of the congregation were self-seeking and apostate. All the faithful members had to therefore take responsibility for the flock. It is seen as trendy to admit &quot;doubt&quot; about spiritual things; but &quot;doubt&quot; here requires &quot;mercy&quot;. It should not be the case. The work of the Spirit convicts and convinces so that doubt regarding the basic existence and saving power of God in Christ is not in doubt. We can hardly have the sure Hope which the Gospel speaks of if we have such doubts. The AV adds: &quot;Making a difference&quot;. The context has spoken of those without any conscience who were abusing the flock and bent on indulging their own lusts through the abuse of others. The &quot;difference&quot; was presumably between these types and those who were weak and needed compassion shown to their moral weaknesses.</p>