<p>1:13 <em>For you have heard of my manner of life in time past in the Jews' religion, how that beyond measure I persecuted the church of God and made havoc of it</em>- &quot;Made havoc&quot; is literally 'destroyed', and the same word is used in 1:23 of how he 'destroyed' &quot;the faith&quot;. He draws a parallel between the church and the faith; for the true church is based upon the true faith. The same word is used of how he &quot;destroyed&quot; the Christians in Jerusalem (Acts 9:21). This clearly means he murdered Christians, including perhaps some of those who were converted in Jerusalem at Pentecost. This sort of behaviour was a way of life elicited by Judaism; and Judaism is therefore to be judged by its fruits as seen in Paul. Whilst repeatedly taking full personal responsibility for his actions, Paul sees that they had been elicited by Judaism, &quot;the Jews' religion&quot;. To return to that was therefore serious indeed.</p>