<p>1:31&nbsp;<i>Without understanding</i>- This&nbsp;translates the Greek&nbsp;<i>asunetos</i>; &ldquo;covenant breakers&rdquo; translates&nbsp;<i>asunthetos</i>. The alliteration between the words is common in the Bible, and suggests that the Bible was recorded in such a way that it could be easily memorized by the initial hearers- for the majority of believers over history have been illiterate.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p><i>Covenant breakers- </i>&ldquo;Covenant breakers&rdquo; and &ldquo;without natural affection&rdquo; may be understandable in a moral, sexual context. For in 1:27 Paul has written of homosexuality as a leaving of the natural intent of the body.&nbsp;</p><p><i>With natural affection, unmerciful- </i>&ldquo;Implacable&rdquo;, Gk. &lsquo;without accepting a libation&rsquo; suggests that unforgiveness, or being &ldquo;unmerciful&rdquo;, is as bad as all manner of major sexual sin listed in the same list. Yet so often those sins remain unforgiven by those who consider themselves more spiritual than those who fail in such areas; yet such unforgiveness is of the same category as the grossest moral failure. Gk. &lsquo;without an offering&rsquo;, i.e. unwilling to accept a sacrifice in order to grant peace. This is a clear allusion to what God does for us; indeed most of the terms in v.31 are the very opposite of what God does in the atonement. His reconciliation of us must be the basis for our lives and mental attitudes.</p>