<p>1:12 <em>Demetrius has the witness of all and of the truth itself. Yes, we also testify, and you know that our witness is true</em>- This language of testimony being confirmed recalls how John has spoken and written at Jn. 19:35-37 and elsewhere. &quot;The truth&quot; refers to the spirit of truth, the Lord Jesus who is &quot;the truth&quot;. &quot;All&quot; the Spirit filled brethren with John, and he himself, could testify that Demetrius was indeed genuine. This may have been thanks to a specific statement from the Spirit; but it likely refers to the way that there is an intuitive sense of another's sincerity when the spirit of Christ is in that person and also in those whom he or she meets. Presumably Gaius was unsure about Demetrius, and he is being assured that he does indeed have the spirit of Christ.</p>