<p>13:23 <i>Of this man's seed</i>- The false doctrine of the physical &lsquo;pre-existence&rsquo; of Christ before birth makes a nonsense of the repeated promises that he would be the <i>descendant</i> of Eve, Abraham and David. The early preachers emphasized that Jesus was &ldquo;of David&rsquo;s posterity&rdquo; Gk. s<i>permatos</i>- Acts 2:29-31; 13:23; Rom. 1:3; 2 Tim. 2:8. If He were already existing up in heaven at the time of these promises, God would have been incorrect in promising these people a descendant who <i>would be</i> Messiah.</p><p><i>Has God according to His promise</i>- The promise to David is not specifically cited here. What has just been quoted is God's comment upon David, that he would fulfil all His will, seeing he would have the mind of God. Perhaps Paul took this as meaning that as David was imperfect, therefore that comment was effectively a promise that a seed of David would fulfil the requirements of having the mind of God which Paul says the Lord Jesus did, in Phil. 2 and fulfilling God's will- which the Lord did to an ultimate extent&nbsp; (the same Greek words are used about Him- Jn. 4:34; 5:30; 6:38; 9:31). Ezekiel's prophecies about &quot;David&quot; ruling over God's people at the restoration clearly mean 'one of the seed of David', and Paul may be reasoning in the same way here.</p><p><i>Raised up to Israel a Saviour, Jesus</i>- This 'raising up' of Jesus began at the end of John's ministry (:24) and therefore doesn't specifically refer to the Lord's resurrection, although there is clearly the hint of that too.</p>