<p>10:1- see on Jude 20.</p><p><i>Brothers, my heart's desire and my supplication to God is for Israel, that they may be saved</i>- &quot;Desire&quot; is a word used only elsewhere about the desire or will of God. Paul was therefore sharing God's desire or passion for Israel. He was praying with his will aligned with that of God, who passionately wishes Israel's salvation, and has millennia of track record in seeking it. As noted on 9:1-3, that desire of Paul's was to the point of being theoretically willing to sacrifice his own salvation for theirs. This will / desire of God and Paul will finally come to reality, in that all Israel shall indeed be saved (11:26); but through a redefinition of who is Israel. For &quot;all Israel&quot; being saved must be integrated into the idea that most of Israel shall not be saved, but &quot;a remnant shall be saved&quot; (9:27). That remnant become &quot;all Israel&quot; in God's eyes.</p><p>The language of Israel being saved is used in the Old Testament concerning their Red Sea deliverance from Egypt (Ex. 14:30; Dt. 33:29). Paul thereby again identifies himself with Moses. But their salvation from Egypt was not their personal salvation; and the term is used again of Judah's salvation from Babylon, which again they did not make full use of. This perhaps is why Is. 45:17 says that &quot;Israel shall be saved in the Lord with an <i>everlasting </i>salvation&quot;. By being in the Lord Jesus by baptism, in the name of salvation, they could find a salvation which was eternal- a clear reference to eternal life. Only through the ministry of &quot;the Lord our righteousness&quot;, whereby God's righteousness is imputed to us through His Son, can Israel finally be saved (Jer. 23:6). Again, this is all the outworking of the theology of Romans 1-8 in the case of Israel.</p>